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Ronald Evans / NASA file
Earth rises above the moon's Ritz Crater in a view captured on Dec. 14, 1972, by Apollo 17's Ronald Evans.
Forty years ago today, human beings took their last steps on the moon, and had their last look at Earth framed by the lunar horizon. There have been other pictures from the moon since then, of course, but they've all been seen secondhand, based on data sent back by robotic probes. No humans have seen an Earthrise like this one with their own eyes since Apollo 17's crew began their homeward journey on Dec. 14, 1972.
For Andrew Chaikin — author of "A Man on the Moon," the definitive history of the Apollo moon effort — the 40th anniversary of our lunar farewell is a cause for reflection.
When Chaikin was a 16-year-old outer-space fanatic, he attended Apollo 17's night launch at Kennedy Space Center, thanks to a letter he wrote to his congressman asking for a VIP pass. "It was the only part of 'Man on the Moon' that I wrote from personal experience," he told me.
Chaikin said the 12-day mission ended the Apollo program "on the highest note possible."
"By the time of Apollo 17, those guys — not just the astronauts, but the flight controllers and the planners, the whole team — they were really on top of their game," Chaikin said. "It was a spectacular mission scientifically. They landed in an absolutely spectacular place. They took some of the most memorable photographs of all the Apollo missions."
Today, Chaikin posted a video that sums up the significance of Apollo 17 as well as the importance of keeping the moon on our agenda for exploration. The five-minute clip includes an amazing view of the lunar module's ascent module rising into the sky, transmitted from a remote-control video camera that was left on the moon's surface.
Chaikin hopes that astronauts will follow through on the implied promise in the words that Apollo 17 commander Gene Cernan spoke just before climbing up from the lunar surface: "We leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind," Cernan said.
Five days later, Cernan and his two crewmates, Harrison Schmitt and Ronald Evans, rode their command module through Earth's atmosphere and splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean — marking the end of NASA's last round trip to the moon. Most Americans weren't even alive when that happened. So how many people living today will still be around when the next moonwalk takes place?
"I don't think we realize how exciting it's going to be when we can see the moon rise, knowing that people are living there, working to make humans a multiplanet species," Chaikin says in the video. "And when they come home, they can share with us one of the moon's most precious gifts: the sight of the earth, breathtakingly beautiful as an oasis of life in the void."
To mark the 40th anniversary of the last human footsteps on the moon, "Man on the Moon" author Andrew Chaikin looks back at Apollo 17's explorations and explains why he believes the moon is the solar system's "jewel in the crown," beckoning us to return.
Today's anniversary, recalling our species' grandest voyages, comes amid a shocking episode in Connecticut that highlights our species' violent tendencies. It was that way for the Aurora theater shootings as well, which took place on the anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing. Will there ever come a time when the brighter side of our nature, exemplified by the peaceful Apollo program, finally wins out over the dark side? That's one more thing to reflect on over the weekend...
Here are some of your own reflections, selected from the comments you've left over the past week on earlier installments of our Apollo 17 coverage:
Astropreneur:
"December of 2022 isn't that far away. At the rate we are going, and with the uncertainty and lack of focus we are experiencing regarding our manned space exploration program, I'm afraid the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 17 mission will pass without any new footprints having been made on the moon's surface by American astronauts.
"How would our lives be today if after 20 or 30 flights the Wright brothers dismantled their airplane and no one else flew for the next 50 years?
"Are we any better off now for not having continued our manned flights to the moon, and perhaps beyond?
"Will we sleep forever? America must awaken or we will find ourselves trailing behind the new leaders who will pick up the torch we long ago dropped.
"Awaken, American spirit of exploration! Arise as you once did so long ago! I miss you."
Elizabeth-1372999:
"That flight stood out, like the first flight to the moon. I can remember some of the highlights: a geologist looking at rocks, giving a reason to go to space beyond the Cold War; the 'blue marble' and a reminder that we are the one habitable planet in the solar system, so we had better keep this planet healthy. The 'Merry Merry Month of December' was funny, but at the time, also a little bit of concern: There was a worry that the breathing apparatus had a problem. What made him sing was the low gravity; he found it fun to skip on the moon because each jump covered a lot of distance, and that was visible on television (something the moonshot deniers should notice).
"I don't think of them as the last astronauts on the moon, but the most recent. It was a shock when my daughter saw videos of Neil Armstrong's moon landing in school, and I realized that another moon landing had not happened in her life. She is much older now, and my grandson has never seen a moon landing, and more and more funding is being cut, even though information from the space program is still coming to us. Look at the information from the asteroid projects and the xenon rocket. The space program is such a small part of our budget as is. It seems that every time budgets are cut, the space program suffers, schools suffer, and children have less and less to feel proud of."
Rick Carter:
"The next step for mankind is to become a celestial being. Short of that, mankind is destined to become just become one more extinct species in the vast cosmos. It is only by moving out into that vast cosmos that we see a true reflection of ourselves."
FarmerJeani:
"In 1969, I sat in my sister's living room with my grandmother and watched Neil Armstrong walk on the moon. My grandmother reminisced about her life as we watched. Her father took part in the run for Indian Territory in Oklahoma. She and her siblings stayed with relatives in St. Louis while her parents built a cabin to house them. She liked to stand in the window and watch the lamplighter come around with his horse and buggy to light the gas street lights. She was educated on the farm by an old Cherokee woman who had been to finishing school in Europe, but forced on the long 'trail of tears' march to Indian Territory in 1838-39. She lost all of her family on the way. My great-grandfather eventually sold the farm and bought a store in town. Grandma married a farmer and moved back to Indian Territory, where she raised nine children without the benefit of electricity. All their water was carried from the creek, light was provided by kerosene lanterns and homemade candles. My children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren can never fully appreciate the grandeur of the moment as seen through my grandmother's eyes. It was an epic accomplishment and I have no doubt that we will return — to the moon and to many other worlds."
Bbbbmer:
"We truly are a great nation at times — if only we'd remember that."
Troy-2251798:
"My fear is that, in this day and age, America will go to the moon (and/or Mars) and treat it in the usual, selfish, utilitarian way. We have already screwed this planet up. Now they are considering going elsewhere. Of course, once we're there, we'll screw that up too. Here's an 'out-of-this-world' thought: Focus on population control and conservation to limit how badly we're screwing up the one and only world we're ever going to have."
EarlyOut-1524710:
"Planting a radio telescope on the far side of the moon, shielded from the radio noise generated by all of our technology, might well provide the kind of scientific bonanza that Hubble has created.
"That's what's lacking in most the moon mission proposals: the promise of being able to carry out some real science. Most of the proponents of a lunar return offer little more than, 'It would be neat to go back and look around some more.' That's a little vague, given the cost and danger involved."
Pb in CA:
"Somebody explain to me why going to the surface of the moon is valuable. There is nothing there of any value.
OK, I've heard the idea of building a radio receiver on the far side. But, it would be more cost-effective to build a very-long-baseline radio receiver system using a fleet of satellites that stay in low-moon orbit, and half the time are shielded from earth radio noise."If we are willing to accept the fact that robots are much better adapted to carrying out missions in space, then we can have a sustainable, affordable space exploration program. The Augustine Commission got it right in this regard. Personally, I have no problem in thinking of robots as extensions of humans, and saying 'we are exploring the surface of Mars' currently with Curiosity.
"Here are the advantages of robots vs. humans on the moon:
- Robots can stay indefinitely - no return trip to Earth
- Energy supply is sun power - no need to take air, food and water
- Very close communication to humans back on Earth - 2.5-second round trip
- Cost of a mission is 1:2000 compared to sending humans"What is gained by sending humans?"
Cheezeweggie:
"I can't believe that we are trillions of dollars in debt and the government is seriously considering cutting health care for the elderly — but we can even consider borrowing money to go to the moon. Clean up the mess, then spend money on 'toys.' America can't afford this right now."
Stargazermom123:
"Yes, we're in bad shape here on Earth. In many ways. But we were born to look out and dream ... to explore. We went to the moon ... we have rovers on Mars, [including] one working years after it was supposed to die. Voyager 1 is reaching the end of our solar system, and will soon be beyond it — our first UFO. If we don't go back to the moon ... go to Mars ... [and] go beyond that someday, when we solve our petty differences here on Earth and put our minds to developing the mechanism to go outward into the unknown, what do we have to look forward to? What do young people have to dream about? When I stand outside on a clear night and look out at all the stars, I often wonder if anyone is looking back. Looking back and dreaming of places unknown and things never before seen, just as I am."
More about Apollo 17:
- The moon looms again as future destination
- Apollo 17's Blue Marble leaves its mark on our memory
- Harrison Schmitt remembers Apollo 17 like it was yesterday
- Flashback to 1997: Last moonwalkers look ahead
- Flash timeline: Glory Days on the Final Frontier
- Panoramas.dk: 360-degree view from Apollo 17
- Audio slideshow: Voyage of the Millennium
In addition to marking the 40th anniversary of Apollo 17's lunar departure, this Earthrise serves as today's offering for the Cosmic Log Space Advent Calendar, which features views of Earth from outer space on a daily basis from now until Christmas. Check out these other holiday goodies:
More space calendar entries:
- 2012 Cosmic Log Space Advent Calendar
- Day 1: A fantastic Chinese fan
- Day 2: Satellite shows a Grander Canyon
- Day 3: Typhoon stirs awe — and alarm
- Day 4: Glittering nighttime view of Riyadh
- Day 5: Night lights shine on 'Black Marble'
- Day 6: Holy sites seen at night
- Day 7: Blue Marble still leaves its mark
- Day 8: Satellites look into a volcano's hell
- Day 9: Jack Frost nipping at Alaska's nose
- Day 10: Cosmonaut looks down on peaks
- Day 11: Earth looms above moonwalker
- Day 12: Skytree casts shadow on Tokyo
- Day 13: Aurora sets stage for meteor show
- 2011 Cosmic Log Space Advent Calendar
- 2010 Cosmic Log Space Advent Calendar
Alan Boyle is NBCNews.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter and adding the Cosmic Log page to your Google+ presence. To keep up with Cosmic Log as well as NBCNews.com's other science and space news coverage, sign up for the Tech & Science newsletter, delivered via email. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about dwarf planets and the search for new worlds.
Leave a Comment:
One more time.... Just one more time... that's all we need.. that's all I ask. The "relaunching" of the space program is just a moon shot away.
One thing that many who were there at the time have forgotten (and those born since missed) was the sense of national unity and pride that existed during the Apollo program. This was a good thing and even managed to overshadow (if only temporarily) other, less pleasant things like the Vietnam war. Even the skeptics watched Americans walk the moon's surface and we got applause from the rest of the world, while demonstrating America's technological supremacy.
It was heady times, but the politicians squandered it...
Steve, your right of course, but there was far more to Apollo then a sense of National unity. There was a pervasive sense of unity among every member of the human race that watch Neil Armstrong make his "One Small Step". People thronged to city squares around the world and watched that grain transmission from the surface of the moon in awe and and shared sense of accomplishment, just as every one in the Space program intended.
My father worked on Apollo as an engineer on the Command and Service modules, on the Surveyor program before that, and with Von Braun and Chuck Yeager at White sands before that. He would bring home crisp 8X10 black and white photos men in early space suits and Surveyor's robotic arm digging a trench on the service of the moon. I would gaze at them for hours, trying to imagine what it like up there with that little robot, the guy on the rocket sled, the Apollo crews passing under his office window on the way to the Moon..
It was an amazing time were everything seemed possible. When Kubric released "2001, A Space Odyssey" for instance, I had no doubt we have everything in that movie and more by 2001. A base on the Moon? Absolutely! A manned mission to Jupiter? Of course! The "Impulse Drive" used on Star Trek was actually being designed by Hughes Aircraft. If you could imagine it, it could be done. Maybe not immediately, but certainly in a reasonable time. America had gone from no space program to walking on the Moon in 8 years after all!
Generations after Apollo have been robbed of that wonder and inspiration. The shuttle was neat and necessary, but it did not stir the imagination like sending a crew to another world. Same with the ISS; After setting foot on another world, how could being placed in a slowly degrading low Earth orbit possibly compete? Read some of the absurd Lunar Landing Denier posts here and elsewhere and you get a sense of the level of ignorance of follow on generations regarding space science. Perhaps if we had maintained that courageous initiative to explore deep space; if we were now planning manned missions to the edge of the Solar System or beyond, if these folks might paid a little more attention in school.
We went to the Moon on less then 5% of the national budget. The Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs irrefutably demonstrated that manned, deep space exploration is more unifying and inspiring effort then any other government endeavor short of World War. And those benefits were reaped not just by America, but by the entire human race. What a shame that at the point of our departure into a mysterious and wondrous future of discovery; we dismantled our rockets, put our spacecraft in museums, turned back to our fragile little world and buried our heads into her familiar and mundane sand.
lol. I'm sure that, if there were Moon-men up there to make war with, we'd have people on that.
UUmmm I don't want to spoil the party but please explain why the earthrise photo shows a crescent earth and the video from (presumably) the same flight and landing shows a gibbous earth. Even the moon takes a good 3 weeks to go from crescent to gibbous phase. Something wrong there folks.
The most likely thing is that the photo caption is wrong or that Chaikin's movie just wove together stock footage. It doesn't look consistent to me either. If I ever meet Chaikin I'll ask him!
Perhaps Alan has an explanation?
The photo of the Earth would take 14 1/4 days to go from a night time Earth to a day time Earth. The Apollo was on the moon a total of 75 hours 3 days and 3 hours
To go from a fully lit Earth to a half lit Earth would take 7 days, The picture shows a quarter moon and the video shows a half lit Earth. So, from a quarter Earth to a half Earth would be 3 1/2 days. First pic is from orbit probably on arrival and video was probably just before departure, 75 hours later. The moon orbits the Earth about 29 days.
Ya, if the Moop or the Earth go from full to full in a month, then it's half a month from new to full, and a quarter month from new to gibbous, and maybe one-eighth month from that crescent to gibbous. Although they could be from two different flights, maybe...
The launch of the assent stage of the lunar lander was Apollo 17. That launch from the moon is the only one they actually caught on video. The command to tilt the camera up had to be sent about 3 seconds before the actual launch to follow it. The BIG boulders the astronauts were at is also from the Apollo 17 mission.
starbuck, that launch clip is my favorite. Because of the engineering you referred to, the zooming back and panning up, it's pretty easy to make yourself suspect that the whole thing is too perfect, and must be Hollywood props - if you want to play denier. Of course, we'd never be so silly as that.
The footage of the module take off was only done on the last three (I believe) missions. Those were the missions with the lunar rover, the little "car" they drove around in. The rover had a camera on it that could be controlled from Earth (this camera was used for a lot of the footage of the astronauts working on the moon's surface, as well).
Because of the signal delay between the moon and the Earth, the camera operator had to start sending the command to "pan up" to the camera a couple seconds before the module actually launched. I believe that he missed the ascent almost entirely on Apollo 15, got a lot better on Apollo 16, and nailed it almost perfectly on Apollo 17. If you ever see footage of the module ascending, it's probably from Apollo 17.
The one in this movie is the best one for sure; I think I have seen another that's not as good. Nowadays it would probably be automatically controlled by computer, and come out perfectly each time.
My eyes cross when I try to figure out how Earth should be shaded at different points in the mission, from different locales. I do know there's variation in the "phases" of Earth in different pictures. The Blue Marble, for instance, is full disk, but after just a couple of hours of additional travel, it starts to have a shading:
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS17-148-22734
This is kind of a half-Earth:
http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/11/15829646-40-years-after-apollos-end-the-moon-looms-again-as-future-destination?lite
This is a bit more crescenty:
http://www.amazon.com/Apollo-Harrison-Schmitt-Silver-Photo/dp/B004G34VQG
I do know that the crescent Earth at the top of the item was taken during the 66th of Apollo 17's 75 revolutions around the moon, on Dec. 14, if NASA is to be believed:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/8252446365/
http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption.jsp?searchpage=true&keywords=null&selections=AS17&browsepage=Go&hitsperpage=50&pageno=3&photoId=AS17-152-23274
Ty Alan... A manned mission to the moon with the expressed purpose of either establishing a base or to use as "stepping stone" to other exploration is warranted and doable w/o breaking NASA's budgets
Considering that we can thank NASA and the space program for most of our modern day life, we need to go back. Think of the research that could take place in a manned lunar colony. At the very least we need to install a HUGE radio telescope on the far side. People can talk about "toys" all they want but the very "toys" they are reading this article on would not be here except for space exploration.
of all things, it would not be that hard to piggyback a rocket heading that way with a little cubesat with a bit of a landing gear attachment and drop one off, aka stationary moon rover, webcam equipped and on the cheap, and then watch earthrises all day, everyday......nayyyyyyyy, say I, lack of leadership and vision and insidious politicking makes the status quo.....
I'm sorry - I must have missed something when I read this statement referring to the last trip to the Moon: "Most Americans weren't even alive when that happened. So how many people living today will still be around when the next moonwalk takes place?" Please - most Americans weren't alive when the Civil War happened. I think in 1972, there were millions more people alive than Chaikin thinks, so I will go on the assumption that he is thinking of the current generation, which would be true. However, people like myself who are baby boomers or older are still alive today and remember this trip to the moon. Interesting article nonetheless.
Yes, there are lots of folks living today who were around in 1972 ... but at last report, the median age for the U.S. population is 36.8 years old, which means more of today's Americans were not yet born in 1972:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States#Median_age
I'm not a baby boomer and I remember it well. I was born in the mid-60's.
I guess it sounds more dramatic to quote that median age statistic, but I think it is very misleading.
Too bad no one wants to go back, especially when, as other posts point out, there was so much civilian tech spillover from the space program. But I undserstand it when I watch people sitting around completely content to text, tweet, and Facebook with each other.
Who needs scientific discovery when you are that self-absorbed? As long as Apple can keep building us better iPhones that's all we really need.
I'd remind everyone where the genesis for much of that tech came from, but since most of us weren't alive back then, it doesn't really matter... :-)
It's a shame the American public has been lied too all these years by NASA and the goverment, No human has ever been to the moon,